图书馆随书光盘的管理与利用

针对目前各高校图书馆的电子资源数量日益增加，但读者利用率却较低的现状，在研究目前几种随书光盘管理模式的基础上，结合中南林业科技大学图书馆随书光盘网络化管理的实际工作经验，提出了一种提高随书光盘利用率的新思路。     

厌氧-好氧活性污泥系统中聚糖菌富集条件研究及其应用进展

基于国内外学者对聚糖菌的最新研究成果,综述了聚糖菌的种群类型和代谢机理,主要阐述了厌氧-好氧活性污泥系统中的泥龄、水力停留时间、温度、pH值等因素对聚糖菌生长的影响。结合富集聚糖菌的活性污泥在污水处理和资源循环利用领域内的实际应用价值,展望了对聚糖菌的研究前景。     

镉在甲壳类水生生物中的蓄积现状及赋存形态研究进展

镉（Cd）在联合国环境规划署提出的12种具有全球性意义的危害化学物质中居于首位,此类物质的污染危害主要表现在水环境中。与有机污染物不同的是,水环境中的镉不能通过水生生物降解,但会在其体内蓄积并通过食物链逐渐富集,进而对水产品质量和安全造成隐患,以及引起水环境污染和人类健康等问题,因此镉对水环境及水生生物的污染和危害引起全球范围内的广泛关注。本文整理归纳了目前镉在甲壳类水生生物中的蓄积现状及富集规律研究进展,并围绕梭子蟹和虾蛄这2种典型镉蓄积的甲壳类水生生物,论述其不同部位组织间镉蓄积的差异性问题,同时对目前关于镉形态的提取方法、定性分析和毒理学效应等相关研究进展进行了综述、分析和展望,可为甲壳类水产品中镉的形态甄别、定量分析以及不同形态镉的毒理学研究提供参考依据。     

转基因生物体对生态环境的影响及其发展趋向

转基因生物体包括转基因植物、动物和微生物.目前转基因生物体的研究主要集中于转基因植物与动物的研究.文中主要论述转基因植物对生态环境的影响及其发展趋势.对转基因植物对生态环境产生的影响和可能产生的后果进行了系统的分析,并且重点评述转基因植物对土壤生态系统及土壤微生态系统的影响及进展;对其影响的评价体系和今后的发展方向等有争议的问题进行了阐述并提出了新的思路.     

转基因产品中抗除草剂基因的PCR检测

抗除草剂作物占全球转基因作物的75％以上，并且这类作物还有不断增加的趋势。首次建立并优化了对4类转基因作物（大豆（Glycine max）、玉米（Zea mays）、棉花（Gossypium hirsutnm）和油菜（Brassica campestris var.oleifera））的5种外源抗除草剂基因（bar、pat、cp4-epspsI、cp4-epsps2和gox）的PCR检测方法，并在实践中应用。结果表明，本方法灵敏特异、结果准确可靠，可对目前批准的所有抗除草剂转基因产品进行定性检测。     

Five-year trends in soil arthropod densities in pine forests with various levels of vitality

Summary A comparative field study was conducted to study the correlation between forest vitality and the abundance of soil microarthropods. During 5 years the vitality of six pine forests within the Veluwe area, the Netherlands, was estimated by the number of needle year-classes, while soils were sampled and extracted for various soil microarthropod groups. Within sites the number of needle year-classes in the forest stands fluctuated over the 5 years, while the collembolan family Sminthuridae showed a trend towards a decreasing population density and the density of the cryptostigmatid mite Platynothrus peltifer Koch increased. Among sites there was a significant positive correlation between the number of needle year-classes and the relative abundance of P. peltifer. The results imply that soil microarthropods may indicate changes in physical and chemical factors in relation to soil fertility and vitality of the trees.     

Contribution of primary organic matter to the fatty acid pool in agricultural soils

Fatty acids as major compounds of soil lipids may affect many soil properties, but the input and turnover rates in soil are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify fatty acids in soils as a result of input from primary sources such as plant residues, farmyard manure and soil organisms, and to evaluate the corresponding turnover- and stabilization processes. The concentrations of n-C_10:0 to n-C_34:0 fatty acids were determined in the Ap horizon of a Phaeozem with long-term cropping of rye and maize and the treatments ‘Unfertilized’ (‘U’) and fertilized with ‘Farmyard manure’ (‘FYM’). The most important primary sources of fatty acids such as rye and maize stubble and roots, soil micro- and mesofauna, and the applied FYM were also investigated. The quantification of fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed that long-term FYM application led to larger concentrations of n-alkyl fatty acids in the plots grown with rye (‘U’: 48.1 μg g⁻¹, ‘FYM’: 57.7 μg g⁻¹, **P≤0.01, n=3) and maize (‘U’: 17.0 μg g⁻¹, ‘FYM’: 23.4 μg g⁻¹, ***P≤0.001, n=3). The observed bimodal fatty acid distribution in soils from n-C_10:0 to n-C_21:0 and from n-C_21:0 to n-C_34:0 with a predominance at n-C_16:0 and at n-C_28:0 was apparently due to input from crop residues, soil organisms and FYM. The short-chain lengths may have originated from the investigated primary sources. The major contributors to the long-chain lengths, with a maximum at n-C_28:0, were rye stubble and FYM. A change in mono-culture from rye to maize, 38 years prior to sampling, led to a decrease in fatty acid concentrations by factors of about 2.8 (‘U’) and 2.5 (‘FYM’). Therefore, rye-derived fatty acids and soil tillage had a larger impact on fatty acid pools than the input of primary organic matter. The changes in fatty acid distributions and pools under the consideration of the quantified input of primary organic matter led to the conclusion that the short-chained fatty acids were more rapidly decomposed than the long-chains.     

土壤动物在土壤有机质形成中的作用

作为土壤生态系统重要组成部分的土壤动物,在土壤元素循环转化和迁移过程中发挥着重要的作用。土壤动物是凋落物分解的"微型粉碎机",通过体内"特殊转换器",影响土壤有机质的转化、腐殖质的形成。本文从土壤动物对地表枯落物分解入手,分析了影响土壤动物对凋落物分解的因素,土壤动物通过刺激土壤酶活性,与土壤微生物群落一起,加快土壤有机物的分解,促进土壤腐殖质的转化。旨在拓宽土壤动物生态功能,丰富土壤腐殖质形成机理学说,对保护土壤生物多样性、提高土壤地力、保障粮食安全具有重要的科学意义。     

公共建筑绿地植物配置——以农银大学福建分校绿地为例

2018年,以福建农银大学福建分校公共建筑绿地作为研究对象,对其植物种类及配置等进行实地调查、分析。结果表明,福建农银大学福建分校附属绿地共有植物21科27属29种;植物配置方式主要以“乔木—地被”与“灌木—地被”方式为主,部分绿地具有“乔—灌—草”3层结构;主要以常绿乔木、落叶乔木和常绿灌木为主,乔灌比为1∶0.31,常绿树种与落叶树种的数量比近2∶1,群落的季相变化不明显;以观叶植物为主(23种),观花植物为辅(6种)。并提出植物种类及配置建议,研究结果可为公共建筑绿地植物景观建设提供参考。     

太阳能猪舍地道通风方式对舍内热环境的影响

为了调控猪舍地面的温度及降低舍内相对湿度,该文的太阳能猪舍采用了地道通风方式。猪只一天之中70%以上的时间以躺卧休息为主,躺卧区的温度环境,尤其是地面的温度调控极为重要。该文以长春地区的猪舍为研究对象,利用附加阳光间吸收太阳辐射为猪床和猪舍提供热量。在通风道内正压通风、负压通风和无风机的不同工况下,对采用地道通风方式的太阳能猪舍进行试验研究。结果表明：在寒冷季节室外温度大约是?13℃,试验猪舍比对照猪舍的温度平均高3.0℃,相对湿度RH（relative humidity）平均降4%;在试验猪舍中,距离地道进风口2 m的地面,白天通风道正压通风比通风道无风机温度平均高0.7℃,比通风道负压通风的温度平均高1.5℃,晚上正压通风比无风机温度平均高1.1℃,比负压通风的温度平均高2.9℃;距离进风口1 m的地面,白天正压通风比无风机温度平均高3.6℃,比负压通风的温度平均高3.8℃;晚上正压通风比无风机温度平均高6.4℃,比负压通风的温度平均高6.9℃。因此,在太阳能猪舍采用地道通风方式对提高猪舍的地面温度,降低舍内相对湿度具有重要意义。